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The concept of quantum systems was first proposed by a Russian mathematician, Yuri Manin, in 1980.  However, it was Richard Feynman who conceived the possibility of quantum computers in the early 1980s. Feynmann proposed that quantum computers would be effective in solving problems of chemistry and physics. Today’s computers use binary logic to perform tasks, but if we utilize the rules of quantum mechanics, many complex computational tasks will become feasible. In 2012, an American theoretical physicist, John Preskill, coined the term “quantum supremacy” to describe a system far advanced than classical computers. It heralds the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum...

A data center is a physical facility that private companies and governments use to store and share applications and data. Most businesses depend on the data center’s reliability and security to run their IT operations optimally. However, not all data centers are the same: their design is based on storage and a network of computing resources that enable the delivery of shared information and applications. The earliest data centers developed in 1940, such as ENIAC, required a great deal of power and a special environment to function properly. They were expensive and mostly used for military purposes. The number of data...

Battery technology has improved a lot these days. But if there is one thing people will never be able to get enough of it is the promise of prolonged battery life. Wouldn’t it be great if our laptops and smartphones lasted a whole week of intensive use with just a single charge? Or what if electric cars could be fully charged in minutes? With graphene batteries, it is all possible. Graphene is currently the most researched material for charge storage. Results from various laboratories around the world confirm its potential to revolutionize the energy storage industry. Discovered in 2004, graphene...

The hypervisor is a fairly old technology, but it is still super relevant for enabling virtualization. The first hypervisors to provide full virtualization were developed by IBM in 1967. They were developed as a test tool (named SIMMON) for IBM’s CP/CMS operating system. But what exactly is virtualization? In simple terms, virtualization is a process of creating a software-based (or virtual) version of something that uses a fixed amount of storage, networking, and computational resources. It works by partitioning the underlying hardware and running each partition as a separate, isolated Virtual Machine, which has its own operating system. Now, this...

In the field of Information Technology, systems design involves the process of determining the architecture, interfaces, modules, and data for a system to fulfill certain requirements. It’s a crucial process for improving product/service development efficiencies and enabling a great user experience. Let’s say you have an application that serves millions of users every day. On the server-side, you need to have excellent engineering to handle such a large volume of requests. Server requests must never fail even if there is an issue with the database or a hardware failure. However, if the backend or frontend is not designed correctly, a...